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this month we're continuing to highlight

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many of the investigations that scott

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kelly conducted as part of the one-year

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mission and today we're looking at one

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called the reaction self-test where

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astronauts take a five-minute test to

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see how different factors including

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fatigue can affect their job performance

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it's a similar problem for folks here on

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earth like airline pilots truck drivers

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and shift workers who may work up to 16

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hours per day are more than six

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consecutive days without a day off of

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rest

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my colleague lori meigs caught up with

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the principal investigator of this

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experiment to learn more

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what we've been trying to understand

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with a particular focus on are they

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sleeping how much are they sleeping

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what's the quality of that sleep what is

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their workload like from their own

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perception uh and what are their moods

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like um ranging from how fatigued are

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they to um

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what's the quality of their sleep to uh

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what's their physical exhaustion to

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what's their stress like uh and we're

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trying to under in their tiredness

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sleepiness we're trying to understand

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what they're experiencing and

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particularly as it relates to sleep wake

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patterns in space flight and then

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workload

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as well which is another kind of fatigue

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right if you work too hard or too long

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in addition to not getting enough sleep

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and then what that looks like as they go

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through the mission we're actually

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studying them well before the mission

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right up to the mission that in the

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launch then throughout the mission and

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then we study them again for another

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month after the mission

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so how does that translate to us here on

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earth and our sleep habits and

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what you're learning is that going to

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help us well so this is an area where

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i'm particularly fortunate because

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everyone can relate

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to

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excessive work inadequate sleep poor

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sleep quality feeling fatigued or stress

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so it's got a lot of translation to

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earth

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we're learning a lot about what happens

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dynamically over time because we get to

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study them for the full mission before

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during and after but it we're using

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tools that we know are sensitive on

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earth to schedules that are too

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difficult or challenging whether they're

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the schedules of physicians in training

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or truck drivers or airline pilots so

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these tools

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generalize nicely to data that we have

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from populations on earth that are also

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generally populations that are engaged

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in what we call sensitive safety

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sensitive work

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that is to say if you if you're not

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alert and able to fly an airplane or

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drive a truck or treat a patient etc or

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whether a nurse or a doctor then there's

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a risk and asteroids are in the same

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situation they're in a risky environment

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even more so than these other

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occupations and it's 24 7. so they we

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need to know how capable are they how

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tired do they get because when you get

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tired when the day's too long the

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sleep's too short the quality of sleep's

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too poor

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and there's emergencies going on you're

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trying to deal with at some point

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there's a cumulative effect on you an

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exhaustion effect a stress effect even

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if you motivate yourself to keep

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performing it's very hard to ensure that

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you're always going to be fit and

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capable

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so what do we do about it well

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first we need to detect it and that was

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really the point of the study part of

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what nasa is interested in is whether

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this

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software on these computers can be used

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periodically by the flight docs to just

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check an astronaut in the study we

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actually have to ask the astronauts to

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do it every four days so we get the

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database of normative data that we need

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to be able to judge

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what's normal in space and what isn't

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and what the relationships are so if the

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sleep's getting shorter in space down

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six hours or less five hours or four a

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night then we ought to see changes on

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the psychomotor vigilance attention task

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and we do and we see that on earth and

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now we've seen it in space so the point

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is that we're showing that the same

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phenomena are present in space flight

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but then there are additional phenomena

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uh that are occurring in space flight

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and we'd love to know more about how

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those are influencing the overall

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fatigue alertness performance matrix so

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part of your study

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you actually get to go beyond six months

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one year that's true and uh the

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opportunity for uh to be able to study

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uh both an american astronaut and a

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russian cosmonaut in the one-year study

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was extremely important for the measures

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we were taking we're very much

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interested in understanding the dynamics

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of behavior as things get longer and

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most people on earth can relate to this

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you know it's one thing

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when

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your job is

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very challenging you got a goal in mind

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and your everybody at the workplace is

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working for the goal and at the end of

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the month it's done

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it's quite another when

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the goal keeps getting pushed back and

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it you know the pace of work can vary

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greatly and is often very high tempo and

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there's unpredictability in what will

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happen

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and those sorts of things uh occur in

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space flight so you know piece of

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equipment will break or there has to be

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a space walk or suddenly they change the

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operations you got to do a slam shift

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now and you didn't have to yesterday and

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you hadn't prepared for that and so

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there are these unexpected things that

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occur in space flight and it's important

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to be able to look at what that's like

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when they get out even longer and then

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just time itself time spent in space are

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they having more and more difficulty

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sleeping are they having more and more

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difficulty you know regulating mood or

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their feelings do they feel the

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workload's escalating are there stress

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levels as they report them going up or

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down so it was an important opportunity

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and then their cognitive functions to

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just confirm even even if it turned out

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we found absolutely no change that would

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be hugely valuable in this area it's a

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sensitive area we study we're talking

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about the brain and behavior and moods

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and all that private stuff stress that

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most of us would prefer to keep quiet or

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between us and our friends or our spouse

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but it is an essential thing to know it

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in the astronauts and god bless them